Istanbul, Turkey. City travel guide – Attractions, Restaurants, Activities

Founded around 1000 BC by the Greek, Istanbul, formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople, has been a junction of cultures and civilizations. It became the capital of the Roman Empire in 330 AD, leading to its Christian period under the Byzantines. In 1453, the Ottomans conquered Constantinople, renaming it Istanbul, marking its Islamic period. As the heart of the Ottoman Empire, the city thrived and became a hub for culture, arts, and architecture. With the end of World War I and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the city remains a vibrant multicultural metropolis.

Straddling two continents, Istanbul sits at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, separated by the glistening Bosporus Strait. It's the only city in the world that graces two continents, creating a dynamic blend of cultures and histories. The city is divided into three by the Golden Horn's natural harbour and the Bosporus, with the historic peninsula, modern European Istanbul, and Asian Istanbul areas. To the north lies the Black Sea, and to the south, the Marmara Sea, making Istanbul a remarkable city surrounded by water.

Istanbul represents a glorious blend of East and West, capturing thousands of years of history and culture in its vast array of theaters, museums, galleries, and festivals. The city's rich heritage is beautifully reflected in its Byzantine and Ottoman inspired architecture. Art and music are also deeply ingrained in Istanbul's cultural fabric. The city is famed for its traditional Turkish music, festivals and fine arts. A trip here offers visitors a chance to experience Turkey's culture, from sampling its famed cuisine to watching a traditional whirling dervishes performance.

The ideal time to visit Istanbul is during the Spring (April-June) and Autumn (September-November) seasons, offering milder weather. These periods also provide the chance of fewer crowds and lower prices compared to the summer months. However, if you want to enjoy the beaches, Summer (July-August) is the perfect time. Despite high tourists, the city life is vibrantly alive. Winter can be cold and rainy, but it's an off-peak season for budget travelers. Ultimately, the best time to visit greatly depends on your priorities such as weather, budget, and activities you wish to enjoy in Istanbul.

Explore the rich history of Istanbul through its impressive landmarks. The majestic Hagia Sophia, an architectural marvel, showcases a beautiful blend of Christian and Islamic influences. Do not miss the Topkapi Palace, once the home of Ottoman sultans, housing a vast collection of manuscripts and jewels. Continue your journey with the iconic Blue Mosque, recognized by its stunning blue Iznik tiles. Last, the ancient Roman-era Hippodrome, with its obelisks and columns, offers a fascinating glimpse into Istanbul's past. Each historic site capturing a different era, the landmarks of Istanbul are truly a sight to behold.

Once a cathedral, later a mosque, and now a museum, the grand Hagia Sophia is a testament to Istanbul's rich history. Its majestic dome and intricate mosaics have enraptured visitors for centuries, a prime example of Byzantine architecture. Don't miss the stunning Deesis Mosaic and the sweeping views from the upper gallery. With its breathtaking aesthetics and spiritual ambiance, Hagia Sophia stands as a symbol of the city's diverse religious heritage.

Dominating Istanbul's skyline, the Blue Mosque, or Sultanahmet Camii, is an architectural masterpiece. Constructed in the 17th century, the mosque's stunning blue Iznik tiles are its signature feature, lending it its charmingly informal name. The mosque is operational, so visit in the late morning or early afternoon to avoid prayer times. When entering, don't forget to admire its grandiosely decorated interior with Byzantine Christian elements. It's a breathtaking fusion of Islamic and Byzantine architectural styles.

Topkapi Palace is a jewel of Istanbul's historical peninsula. Once the main residence and administrative headquarters of the Ottoman sultans, it promises a journey into the lavish lives of the royals. Explore the royal chambers, treasure room, imperial harem and more housed within its tranquil courtyards. Its intriguing Imperial Council Hall reveals where state matters were decided, while the palace kitchens will leave you in awe with their gigantic size. Overlooking the Bosphorus and Golden Horn, the palace offers stunning panoramic views, making it a must-visit spot in Istanbul.

Venture into Istanbul's heart and experience the Grand Bazaar, one of the oldest and largest covered markets globally. Let yourself be swept away by the colorful array of spices, jewelry, and authentic Turkish crafts. Be sure to haggle like a local for a memorable experience. Explore The Basilica Cistern, an ancient underground water reservoir, for a mystical encounter. Capture the majestic Medusa head pillars reflecting in the shimmering waters. Finish your day savoring local delicacies; from tantalizing kebab varieties to the sweet Turkish delight, washing them down with a cup of traditional Turkish tea.

Explore Turkey's culinary heritage through its traditional delicacies. The gastronomic journey begins with the iconic Baklava - sweet, sticky pastry filled with nuts, and pilav - fluffy rice often served with meat or vegetables. Turkish tea, known as Çay, is also a must-try for its soothing characteristics. For meat lovers, the skewered and grilled Kebab is an absolute treat, as is Doner, rotisserie-cooked meat served in bread. Finally, enjoy Lokum (Turkish delight), jelly-like sweet treats with a dust of icing sugar, provoking a perfect end to your meal. Istanbul's food scene provides taste buds with delights only imaginable until savored.

Mandabatmaz, situated in the Beyoglu neighborhood is renowned for brewing the thickest Turkish coffee in Istanbul. Traditional in approach, this back-alley jewel promises an authentic coffee experience, accompanied by the distinct aroma of freshly roasted beans. For a luscious Turkish tea experience, head to Çorlulu Ali Paşa Medresesi in Fatih. This historic setting, dates back to 1707, and serves teas in tulip-shaped glasses in the backdrop of softly glowing hookah embers. In Istanbul, tea and coffee aren’t just beverages, but a cultural immersion worth cherishing. Each sip tells a story of tradition, time, and the tantalizing taste of Turkey!

Start your culinary journey at Çiya Sofrası, known for regional Anatolian cuisine, offering a unique, mouth-watering tasting experience. Sultanahmet Fish House is another must-visit. Tucked in the heart of the historic district, it offers an array of fresh seafood dishes amid beautiful surroundings. If you fancy kebabs, make your way to Kebapçı Iskender! This 150-year old restaurant serves impeccable Iskender kebab, a delightful harmony of thin-sliced lamb, butter, tomato sauce and yogurt. For dessert, savor baklava at Güllüoğlu, a beloved institution offering a variety of flaky, honey-dripped delights.

Istanbul's cuisine is a melting pot of tastes and textures, mirroring the city's diverse culture. Street food here is a must-try, with doner kebabs, simit (sesame-encrusted bread rings) and midye dolma (stuffed mussels) reigning supreme. For a treat to your sweet tooth, indulge in baklava and Turkish delight available at every corner store. For a sit-down feast, visit the classic lokantas, traditional eateries serving home-style dishes. Don't leave without trying the mezze platters, fresh seafood or the lamb dishes. Pair your meal with raki, a local anise-flavored spirit for an authentic experience. Dining in Istanbul is truly a culinary adventure.

In Istanbul, traditional markets are a vibrant mix of colors, sounds, and smells. The iconic Grand Bazaar, with its vast array of goods, provides original Turkish souvenirs, while the Spice Bazaar offers a sensory delight with herbs, spices, and regional sweets. Each marketplace promises a unique cultural experience, where bargaining is customary. Venture off the beaten path to the local bazaars like Kadikoy and Besiktas to witness everyday Istanbul life. Here, you can sample regional foods and converse with friendly vendors. The traditional markets in Istanbul offer a lively shopping experience unlike any other.

Istanbul has an abundance of modern shopping malls offering a mix of international and local brands. Top picks include the Istinye Park in the Sariyer district, featuring over 300 shops, and the luxury Zorlu Center boasting high-end brands and chic boutiques. For those yearning for a unique shopping experience, Kanyon and Akmerkez malls are a must-visit with their futuristic architectures and wide range of brands. Don't miss out on the traditional Turkish products available in these malls.

When shopping in Istanbul, you must grab an exquisite Turkish rug. These handwoven masterpieces come in a myriad of colors and patterns, which make a fashionable statement in your home. The Spice Bazaar is perfect for edible souvenirs. Buy some Turkish delight or apple tea. Exploring the Grand Bazaar, you'lĺ find beautiful mosaic lamps and intricate ceramics, both portraying the richness of Turkish art. Lastly, remember to pick up an evil eye charm, a talisman believed to ward off evil. Its intriguing blue and white design complements any decor. These unique keepsakes effectively capture Istanbul's irresistible charm.

In Istanbul, respect for tradition runs deep. Always greet locals with a friendly "Merhaba" (hello). If invited to a home, bring a small gift. Modest dressing, particularly in religious sites, is highly appreciated. Locals prefer being addressed by their first name followed by "Bey" (for men) or "Hanim" (for women). When at a meal, always finish what's on your plate as a sign of appreciation to your host. Remember, tipping (10-15%) is customary in restaurants and for providers of services. Avoid sensitive topics like politics and religion. Istanbulites are warm and hospitable, respect their norms and you’ll be warmly welcomed.

Navigating through Istanbul is simple thanks to its efficient public transportation network. Subways, trams, buses and ferries crisscross the city, while taxis are readily available, though often stuck in traffic. For a scenic trip between Europe and Asia, take a ferry ride across the Bosphorus. Lastly, walking is the best way to explore the areas of Sultanahmet and Beyoglu rich in history and culture. Be aware, however, that Istanbul is hilly and congested, so comfortable shoes are advised.

In Istanbul, tap water isn't recommended for drinking so opt for bottled water. Also, due to the city's chaotic traffic, always remain cautious when crossing roads. If you have any health concerns, rest assured, the city offers excellent medical facilities with qualified professionals. Look after your belongings and beware of pickpockets, especially in crowded areas like the Grand Bazaar and Sultanahmet Square. Turkey is relatively safe, but it's good to stay vigilant. For emergencies, dial 112 for an ambulance, 110 for a fire, and 155 for the police. Pharmacies (Eczane) are available throughout the city for any medicinal needs.

Istanbul thrives in a vibrant fusion of different cultures, yet the official language remains Turkish. While plenty of locals speak English, it's always helpful to know a few basic phrases in the native tongue. Simple greetings like "Merhaba" (Hello), "Teşekkür ederim" (Thank you), "Evet" (Yes), and "Hayır" (No) can go a long way. Learning numbers can also help in marketplaces. Remember, politeness is appreciated in Turkish culture, so using "Lütfen" (Please) and “Affedersiniz” (Excuse me) when initiating conversation with locals is always a good idea.

Experience the height of opulence at the Çırağan Palace Kempinski. Located in a former Ottoman Palace, this hotel offers a unique blend of royal splendor and contemporary comfort. Enjoy breathtaking Bosphorus views and world-class amenities. For modern luxury, look no further than the Shangri-La Bosphorus. Set along the Bosphorus Strait, this hotel boasts an indoor pool, lavish spa, and gourmet restaurants. The Swissotel The Bosphorus is another pick, offering award-winning hospitality along with an unbeatable view of the historic city.

Hotel Amira Istanbul provides comfortable rooms with top-notch services in the heart of the city at moderate prices. Enjoy their free breakfast or soak in the panoramic views from the rooftop terrace. Another great option is Sirkeci Mansion, it oozes Ottoman charm with its elaborate decor. It's ideally located near major historic sites and has an indoor pool for perfect relaxation. Lastly, Q-Inn Hotel is a gem, well-appointed rooms, excellent customer service, and its proximity to the Grand Bazaar allows for an immersive and hassle-free experience in Istanbul.

For budget-conscious travelers, Cheers Hostel in Sultanahmet offers a friendly, sociable atmosphere along with dormitory rooms and private options. It's close to major sights like the Blue Mosque, and Hagia Sophia. Alternatively, consider The Han Hostel, located near Ataturk Airport. This budget-friendly choice provides travelers with a bit seclusion away from the city's hustle and bustle, yet with accessibility to transport for city exploration. Lastly, the Cityloft Hotel Apartments are worth checking. These modern apartments come with very reasonable, budget-friendly rates and are situated in the Ataşehir district, which offers a local, authentic feel.

Boat tours in Istanbul offer a unique perspective of the city, cruising the Bosphorus between the Asian and European continents. Enjoy enchanting views of Ottoman-era palaces, ancient fortresses, and luxurious villas that line the waterway. Several tour operators provide day and night excursions. By day, relish in the vibrant city life; by night, bask in the mystique of illuminated landmarks. Whichever you choose, the gentle lapping of waves against the boat enhance an already serene experience. Tasting traditional Turkish tea while capturing perfect photographs, boat tours in Istanbul truly encompass the city's charm and beauty.

Explore some of Istanbul's beautiful city parks for solace amid the bustling city. Emirgan Park, set on the European side of Bosphorus, enchants visitors with an array of colorful tulips during spring. Enjoy a delicious breakfast at one of the old Ottoman mansions turned cafes here. Cross over to the Asian side to visit Fethi Pasha Grove, offering breathtaking views of the city skyline and the Bosphorus. For relaxation, join locals at Gezi Park, in the heart of the city, a lovely place for a picnic. Istanbul's parks reveal the green heart of the city.

Experience a different side of Istanbul by exploring its Asian district. Start your journey in the Kadıkoy neighborhood, a vibrant hub with bustling markets, cafes, and a wealthy array of historic architecture. Don’t forget to stroll along Bagdat Avenue, renowned for luxury boutiques and lush parks. Finish your day at Moda Sea Club, capturing a stunning sunset over Istanbul's skyline. This part of the city offers a charming and relaxed vibe, a refreshing contrast to Istanbul's European districts.

Sailing on the Bosphorus is an unforgettable experience. Rent a boat or join a guided tour to get stunning views of Istanbul's iconic landmarks passing by such as the Topkapi Palace, Maiden's Tower, and the grand Dolmabahçe Palace. Enjoy the refreshing sea breeze and see the city from a different perspective. Capture beautiful sunsets as the lights of the city start to twinkle. A sailing trip on the Bosphorus genuinely encapsulates the magic of Istanbul. In another direction, try paragliding off Babadağ mountain to have a panoramic bird's eye view of Istanbul's picturesque landscape. It’s an exhilarating adventure for thrill-seekers.

Istanbul offers a unique nightlife experience. Sip like a local at the stylish meyhanes, traditional Turkish bars, nestled in Beyoğlu district or experience high energy clubbing at popular spots like Reina and Sortie along the Bosphorus. At Ortaköy, bar hopping is a must-do. Visit Anjelique for multi-floor music and dine out at trendy eateries. Also, don’t miss out on 360 Istanbul, a rooftop bar offering breath-taking city views. You'll find a blend of the traditional and the hip, from Turkish pop to electronic beats, woven into the fabric of Istanbul's unique and vibrant nightlife.

Experience the vibrant traditions of Turkey through its fascinating performances. Istanbul offers various music and dance shows that will transport you through centuries of rich, cultural history. Consider visiting the Hodjapasha Dance Theater for a mesmerizing display of the Whirling Dervishes or a fiery Anatolian Folk dance show. Alternatively, enjoy a Turkish Night Show on a Bosphorus cruise, featuring belly dancing, traditional live Turkish music, and a four-course dinner. Immerse yourself in the Istanbul nightlife by engaging with the compelling storytelling of traditional Turkish shows. Don't miss a chance to participate in this authentic cultural experience.

In Istanbul, cultural and art events reflect the city’s rich history and diverse influences. The Istanbul Biennial puts contemporary art in the spotlight, attracting international artists and visitors. Traditional Turkish music, dance, and theater also have a significant presence throughout the city. Hazelnut, a concert dedicated to Turkish classical music, and the Whirling Dervishes shows present customs deeply rooted in the culture. Istanbul's Film, Jazz, and Music Festivals are also not to be missed. Their varied programs promise an eclectic mix of performances perfect for all tastes and interests.

A 90-minute ferry ride from Istanbul will transport you to the serene Princesses' Islands, an archipelago of nine islands in the Sea of Marmara. A haven from city hustle, these islands are known for their historical mansions, monasteries, and stunning vistas. The islands are car-free, so visitors can enjoy leisurely walks, bike rides, or picturesque horse-drawn carriage tours. Büyükada, the largest island, is a must-visit. Offering quaint restaurants and charming sea views, it's truly a refreshing day trip.

Bursa, the first capital of the Ottoman Empire, is a fascinating excursion from Istanbul. Known as "Green Bursa", the city blends history with nature, featuring lush parks, hot springs, and old-world markets alongside grand mosques and the illustrious silk-filled Koza Han Bazaar. The magnificent Grand Mosque and the historical Yesil Mosque are must-visits. Try a traditional Turkish bath at one of the many local hammams or reach the Uludağ mountain via cable car, offering panoramic city views. Don't leave without tasting the famous Bursa Iskender Kebap! This modern day metropolitan embedded in an antique aura renders Bursa a perfect day trip from Istanbul.

Nestled near Turkey's borders with Greece and Bulgaria, Edirne is a delightful blend of cultures and charm. Famous for its iconic Selimiye Mosque, it is a haven for history and architecture enthusiasts. The mosque, a masterpiece designed by Mimar Sinan, is a must-visit. The meandering Meric River enhances Edirne's allure, while local markets tempt visitors with traditional Turkish crafts. An annual oil-wrestling festival highlights the city’s unique traditions. Overall, Edirne presents an enticing day trip from Istanbul, blending majestic architecture, rich history, and colorful cultural experiences.

Wrap up your Istanbul trip by immersing yourself in Turkish culture, savoring local cuisine, shopping at bazaars, and exploring the architectural gems of the city. Remember to respect local customs, dress modestly, and be aware of your surroundings. Book your tickets in advance to famous spots like Hagia Sophia and Topkapi Palace to avoid long queues. Lastly, acknowledge that Istanbul is a vast city, so plan to use public transportation or hire a guide to optimize your time. Always keep a small amount of cash for tips and small purchases, and beware of common tourist scams. Enjoy your journey!

Begin your Istanbul adventure at the historic Sultanahmet district, home to the stunning Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia. Savor some traditional Baklava in a local café, before heading over to the immense Topkapi Palace. Your second day should start with a visit to the Grand Bazaar, a bustling marketplace that offers traditional Turkish goods. For a peaceful afternoon, take a ferry across the Bosphorus to Asia and visit the scenic neighborhood of Kadıköy. On your final day, explore the creative neighborhood of Karaköy, taste some street food and enjoy the local street art. Wind down your trip with a visit to the Istanbul Modern Art Museum.

Knowing a few key Turkish phrases can greatly enrich your Istanbul trip. "Merhaba" conveys "Hello," while "Teşekkür ederim" is for "Thank you." When introducing yourself, you can say "Benim adım..." followed by your name. For shopping or eating, remember "Ne kadar?" meaning "How much?" At restaurants, say "Hesap, lütfen" when asking for the bill. If you get lost, "Yardım lütfen" will help you seek aid. Try to pronounce them correctly to communicate effectively. People in Istanbul will surely appreciate your efforts to speak their language.

Have a good trip!